Today
marks the start of Passiontide, the two-week run-in to Easter. In this context,
passion refers to things that are done to us (Greek: paschō)
as opposed to things we do by our own agency (Greek: poiō).
Through much of the Gospels we see Jesus doing things—as he describes
it, doing (only) what he sees the Father doing. But as we reach the climax of
the story, as time slows down (with as much ink dedicated to days as has been
dedicated to years of ministry) there is a shift from things Jesus does to
things done to him by others. Some of these are loving things; some are
hateful, or treacherous, or tragic; and some are deeply mystical.
The
Gospel passage set for this Sunday is a long chunk (technical term) from John
chapter 11. Here we encounter friends of Jesus, the siblings Martha, Mary and
Lazarus. Luke also writes about the sisters in his Gospel (Luke chapter 10).
They
are a fascinating family. They appear to live together, and Martha appears to
run their home. Culturally, it would seem unusual that neither sister is
married, and that Lazarus is not responsible for his unmarried sisters, in the
absence of parents. Martha and Mary are both highly articulate, but Lazarus is
silent whenever he is mentioned. (Some scholars believe that Lazarus is the
‘beloved disciple’ at the Last Supper—unnamed but traditionally identified as
the disciple and later gospel-writer John—in which case he speaks three words,
asking a simple question.) These observations lead some scholars to believe
that Lazarus has some form of disability, and perhaps learning disability; that
he may be unable to speak, or be situationally mute (that is, can speak, but
doesn’t, whether by choice or defence mechanism).
Luke’s
account of the sisters is almost universally misinterpreted. They appear in the
context of Jesus sending out seventy plus disciples, or apprentices, ahead of
him, to every village where he intended to go, sent to find persons of peace
whose homes might become the hub of a community of disciples—what we would call
a local church congregation. Martha is presented as a deacon, as the local
minister to the proto-church in her village. Mary is presented as one who sat
at Jesus’ feet, which is code for a disciple: which is to say, she is one of
the seventy plus Jesus has sent out ahead of him. Martha tells Jesus that there
is more work to be done ministering to her village than she can attend to
alone, and asks Jesus to find Mary and send her back home to work alongside
Martha. Jesus declines, affirming the different vocations—deacon, evangelist—of
both sisters. This is a far cry from Martha being in the kitchen and
complaining about Mary not helping prepare food.
In
John’s Gospel, we meet the siblings again, this time including their brother
Lazarus. Jesus has recently been in Jerusalem, but has withdrawn down into the
rift valley that is the lowest point on the surface of the earth, crossing over
the river Jordan, getting away from enemies who had attempted to stone him.
Lazarus falls ill, and the sisters send word to Jesus, most likely through the
network he had established across the countryside.
Jesus
does not come to the sisters until after Lazarus has died. Their brother’s
death turns the sisters’ lives on their heads. Martha, who had ministered in
the context of her own home and village, now leaves her village behind to find
Jesus on his way. Mary, who had been travelling ahead of Jesus to village after
village, is unable to leave the family home. The vocation of each has flipped.
Martha has become Mary, and Mary has become Martha. Such is often the way in
the wake of death.
Both
sisters know that Jesus could have healed Lazarus (could have acted to do so:
poiō)
but they still trust him. They present to him their faith and hope and need of
consolation, a mess of co-existing emotions, feelings and thoughts. Jesus does
not respond by doing, but by being moved with compassion, a visceral
experience, something, in a sense, done to us (paschō).
Jesus is not in mastery of this response, which wracks him like a wild animal.
And that raw compassion enables Martha to return home, empowers Mary to leave
home, and brings Lazarus back from the dead.
But
there is another gem in this passage. Jesus asks the community that has come
from Jerusalem to be with—to surround, with love—Martha and Mary in their
grief, where Lazarus had been laid, and they take him to the tomb. This echoes
what John records in chapter 1 of his Gospel, two disciples of John the
Baptiser who were following Jesus: he turns and asks them ‘What are you looking
for?’ and when they ask, ‘Where are you staying?’ responds, ‘Come and see.’
(Interestingly, this takes place at the same place where Jesus will first hear
news that his friend Lazarus is sick.) Now Jesus asks to see where Lazarus is
staying, and invited to come and see. And so the disabled man—the dead
man—Lazarus becomes the one who shows Jesus what it is to dwell in a tomb—and
to rise from the dead.
Lazarus
does for Jesus what Jesus cannot do for himself, but needs to know. Paschō.
We
are created to be inter-dependent. And agency matters, what we choose to do
with our lives, with our bodies, matters. But we do not have unlimited freedom.
Our actions are constrained by the existence of others—not only by what they
do, their actions, but by the place they occupy in the world, in the grace of
God. The good news is that poiō is only half the
story: the other side is paschō. In entrusting
ourselves to others, to how they might respond to us—for good or ill—and trusting God
to work through all of this, the kingdom of heaven can break into this world
through us.